Aids&HIV essays

Aids&HIV essays HIV/AIDS Virus Paper There our many different kinds of fatal diseases in the world. However, the AIDS virus has infected over 600,000 people in the United States since 1981, and over 900,000 people have been infected with HIV as well. Half of the people living with HIV will develope AIDS within ten years. From these statistics you can see that HIV and the AIDS virus has affected many people lives. These next few paragraphes should give you a little bit of insight and basic knowledge of the virus know as HIV later to be AIDS. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS. HIV is a slow virus which means that there is an interval between the initial infection and the presence of symptoms. The intervel between the initial infection could sometimes be years. HIV infects the CD4+T cells and begins to multiply rapidly. The virus kills immune system cells causing you to get sick. Now on to the AIDS virus. AIDS means Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, which is the final stage of HIV infection. AIDS is a disease developed by a person living with HIV, which is a viral organism. The term AIDS applies to the most advanced stages of HIV infection. Although an HIV-positive person is positive doesn't mean that he/she has AIDS, most people develop AIDS as a result of their HIV infection. HIV is transmitted most commonly through sexual contact. However, the virus can also be spread through blood to blood contact, such as sharing used needles or getting a blood transfusion. A common thought that people have is if the virus can be transmitted by touch, the answer is no. Studies have shown that HIV in not transmitted through casual contact such as touching or sharing towels, bedding, telephones, swimming pools, or toilet seats. Their has been no sign of transmittion through kissing, sweat, tears, urine or feces. It should be well known that it is not ...

MARSHALL Surname Meaning and Family History

MARSHALL Surname Meaning and Family History The Marshall surname derives from mare, meaning (horse) servant, possibly meaning a wide variety of related occupations including farrier, groom, and horse doctor. Marshall is among the top 100 surnames in many English speaking countries, including New Zealand, Scotland, England and Australia. It also ranks as the 125th most common surname in the United States. Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings:  MARSHAL, MARSHALE Famous People with the MARSHALLSurname Barry Marshall  - Australian physician and Nobel Prize winnerBrandon Marshall -  NFL wide receiverThurgood Marshall  - Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United StatesWalter Marshall - British nuclear physicistLester Marshall - English professional footballerJohn Marshall - 4th Chief Justice of the United States Where is the MARSHALLSurname Most Common? Surname distribution from Forebears  indicates the Marshall surname is most prevalent in the United States, based on percentage of population. It is most common in New Zealand, where it ranks 51st in the nation, followed by Scotland (57th), England (70th) and Australia (74th). WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates a similar distribution, with the greatest percentage of individuals named Lang in Austria, followed by Germany, Hungary, Switzerland and Luxembourg. Lange is most common in Germany, especially northern Germany, followed by Denmark.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname MARSHALL Meanings of Common English  SurnamesUncover the meaning of your English  last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common English surnames. Marshall  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Marshall  family crest or coat of arms for the Marshall surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. The Marshall  Surname  DNA ProjectIndividuals with the Marshall  surname  are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Marshall family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate. MARSHALL  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Marshall  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - MARSHALL  GenealogyExplore over 4.3  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Marshall surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MARSHALL  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Marshall  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - MARSHALL  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Marshall. GeneaNet - Marshall  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Marshall  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Marshall  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Marshall  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Safe Sex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Safe Sex - Essay Example It is very important to indulge in safe sex and one common way by which people can indulge in safe sex is by the use of condoms. The best way that most people omit is the avoidance of anal and oral sex. One must not forget that, in fact anal sex is considered to be illegal. This doesn't mean vaginal sex is free from diseases. However a condom provides safety to a great extent and to be extra protected, two condoms at one time would surely keep one tension free. Another way is by the use of contraceptive pills and in cases of emergency, when one has forgotten to take precaution, an emergency pill can be taken. However, contraceptives and emergency pills can only protect against pregnancy and not against STD's. STD's can be transmitted by any of the three ways, oral, anal or vaginal sex. Hence it is extremely vital to use a condom. Most of the Sexually transmitted diseases are non curable and some of them can have dangerous consequences on health. The worst part about having being affected by and kind of STD is that the person is not even aware that he is suffering or has been infected with a disease. This is because sexually transmitted diseases barely have any symptoms that show. Another problem with unsafe sex is that many women use contraceptive pills or birth control pills in the fear of getting pregnant.

Signal Transmission Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Signal Transmission - Assignment Example The length of the antenna should be more or equal to the wavelength. In order to transmit higher wavelength frequency, the length of the antenna should be larger that become unpractical. In order to limit the size of the antenna, carrier frequencies are used that have powerful signal frequencies. Carrier frequencies make it possible to send and receive the radio waves under a set operating range. It limits the distortion and interference with other frequencies. Carrier frequencies allow the transmission of the signal frequencies to be transmitted wirelessly. Radio waves require carrier frequencies for the transmission as carrier frequencies make it easier to transmit the information through space. Carrier frequencies work in a fixed band where the power transmitted through the carries is considerably higher as compared to that of the packed radio frequencies. Carrier frequencies are transmitted by using a similar physical transmission medium. Signal frequencies and carrier frequencie s are modulated in a manner that the receiver can easily separate the two frequencies. Mainly two basic modulation techniques are used for the transmission of the carrier frequencies. Frequencies modulation and amplitude modulation are the basic types of modulation techniques used extensively. In frequency modulation, the signal frequencies are mixed with the frequency of the carrier frequency and in amplitude modulation techniques, the signal frequencies are mixed with respect to the amplitude of the carrier frequency.

South Carolina electricity and gas company Essay Example for Free

South Carolina electricity and gas company Essay This company deals in the supply of natural gas to homes, businesses and other users in community. Natural gas is one of the most versatile, environmentally friendly and dependable sources of energy available. Nothing will warm a home like natural gas, so let SCEG help you make the most of it (www. sceg. com) At break-even Sales = total cost Assume the rent is 20,000, fixed cost 25000, wages 12 per unit, variable cost 10 per unit If the revenue price per unit is US$ 220 the break-even will as follows:- 220X y = 12y+10y +20000+25000 45000 = 198y Y = 228 units The unit of measurement is gas cylinders In case, they want to adjust the selling price upward to 240. the breakeven will be as follows: 240X y = 12y+10y +20000+25000 45000 = 218y Y = 207 units In case, they want to adjust the selling price downward to 200. The breakeven will be as follows: 178X y = 12y+10y +20000+25000 45000 = 178y Y = 253 units.

Free Glass Menagerie Essays: The Characters’ Weaknesses and Strengths :: Glass Menagerie essays

The Characters' Weaknesses and Strengths in The Glass Menagerie In an interview, Tennessee Williams once said, "I have always been more interested in creating a character that contains something crippled... They have a certain appearance of fragility, these neurotic people I write about, but they are really strong." In Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie, the strengths and weaknesses of the characters is the focus of the play. There have been several critics who have raised interesting points concerning this subject. Critic Judith J. Thompson takes the stance that Amanda's "embodiment of 'The Great Mother'" is blinded by her weakness of an unrealistic world (p. 17). She states that Amanda's character is made up of "the Good Mother, the Terrible Mother, the seductive young witch, and the innocent virgin" (Thompson 17). She supports her theory with the incident in which Amanda says that she had seventeen gentlemen callers in one day. Thompson goes on to say that the "exaggeration of the number of Amanda's beaux recalls fairy tale and legends of romance in which the princess is beleaguered by suitors until the ideal knight or prince returns" (17). Here, Thompson shows that Amanda's weakness is living in a sort of dream world which overwhelms her intentions of being a "Great Mother" (Thompson 17). A second critic, Joseph K. Davis, takes the stance that Laura's weakness overpowers her ability to be sensitive. Davis divides the dramatic pattern of The Glass Menagerie into two parts. Part of the pattern is "the dramatization of men and women by a display of their fragmented, tortured psychologies" (Davis 192). He states in his analysis of The Glass Menagerie: "His [Tom's] sister Laura tries to live in the present, but her crippled body and grim prospects in the secretarial school overcame her fragile sensibilities" (194). Davis implies that, like Amanda, Laura's weakness consumes her ability to live in reality and her sensibility, her one strength. A third critic, Tom Scanlan takes the stance that Tom's weakness is overcome by his strength. Tom is easily entrapped and persuaded into situations that he may or may not want to be which weakens his character but his strength is greater than this weakness. The critic states that "the reappearance of Tom as narrator force the reader back to the present" (Scanlan 99). He shows the reader that Tom's strength is the ability to keep in touch with reality. Free Glass Menagerie Essays: The Characters’ Weaknesses and Strengths :: Glass Menagerie essays The Characters' Weaknesses and Strengths in The Glass Menagerie In an interview, Tennessee Williams once said, "I have always been more interested in creating a character that contains something crippled... They have a certain appearance of fragility, these neurotic people I write about, but they are really strong." In Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie, the strengths and weaknesses of the characters is the focus of the play. There have been several critics who have raised interesting points concerning this subject. Critic Judith J. Thompson takes the stance that Amanda's "embodiment of 'The Great Mother'" is blinded by her weakness of an unrealistic world (p. 17). She states that Amanda's character is made up of "the Good Mother, the Terrible Mother, the seductive young witch, and the innocent virgin" (Thompson 17). She supports her theory with the incident in which Amanda says that she had seventeen gentlemen callers in one day. Thompson goes on to say that the "exaggeration of the number of Amanda's beaux recalls fairy tale and legends of romance in which the princess is beleaguered by suitors until the ideal knight or prince returns" (17). Here, Thompson shows that Amanda's weakness is living in a sort of dream world which overwhelms her intentions of being a "Great Mother" (Thompson 17). A second critic, Joseph K. Davis, takes the stance that Laura's weakness overpowers her ability to be sensitive. Davis divides the dramatic pattern of The Glass Menagerie into two parts. Part of the pattern is "the dramatization of men and women by a display of their fragmented, tortured psychologies" (Davis 192). He states in his analysis of The Glass Menagerie: "His [Tom's] sister Laura tries to live in the present, but her crippled body and grim prospects in the secretarial school overcame her fragile sensibilities" (194). Davis implies that, like Amanda, Laura's weakness consumes her ability to live in reality and her sensibility, her one strength. A third critic, Tom Scanlan takes the stance that Tom's weakness is overcome by his strength. Tom is easily entrapped and persuaded into situations that he may or may not want to be which weakens his character but his strength is greater than this weakness. The critic states that "the reappearance of Tom as narrator force the reader back to the present" (Scanlan 99). He shows the reader that Tom's strength is the ability to keep in touch with reality.

Lesson Plan Social Studies

Student Teaching Lesson Plan Template Subject: Social Studies | Topic: Who Where the first Americans? | NCSCOS/Common Core Objective: The learner will acquire strategies for reading social studies materials and for increasing social studies vocabulary. 1. 01 Read for literal meaning. 1. 02 Summarize to select main ideas. 1. 03 Draw inferences. 1. 04 Detect cause and effect. The learner will analyze important geographic, political, economic, and social aspects of life in the region prior to the Revolutionary Period. 1. 01 Assess the impact of geography on the settlement and developing economy of the Carolina colony. . 02 Identify and describe American Indians who inhabited the regions that became Carolina and assess their impact on the colony. 1. 03 Compare and contrast the relative importance of differing economic, geographic, religious, and political motives for European exploration. | Date submitted: 10/27/11 Date taught: 11/1/11 – 1/3/2011| Daily Lesson Objective: Students will be able to: State who the first Americans were. Experience customs of first American families. Understand how first American communities have changed. Identify the different regions where the Indians lived in North Carolina.Connect first American customs to their own experience. Develop their English listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. | 21st Century Skills: Global Awareness, Critical thinking and problem solving:| Rationale/Purpose: Students need to understand the culture and history behind the native American community. Student need to know America’s beginning history and who its first inhabitants were. Students can benefit from understanding Native American culture and finding similarities within their own culture. | Activity| Description of Activities and Setting| Time| 1. Focus and Review | Journal Prompt: Who were the first Americans?Get students warmed up, writing and talking in preparation for class. | 10 min| 2. Statement of Objective for Student| Last quarter we learned about the geography of North Carolina. We learned important terms and facts about the state of North Carolina. This Quarter we are learning about the first Americans, How they got to America and what happened after they arrived in America. | 5 min| 3. Teacher Input | The new unit lesson is introduced to students. Introduce lesson and go through PPT. Review lesson material previously taught. Emphasis new terms. Have students repeat terms, definitions, and lesson details. 30 min| 4. Guided Practice | Call on individual students to answer questions embedded in presentation. Praise correct choices and re-teach incorrect choices to entire class. Students are asked to define terms and re-state relevant facts. | 30 min| 5. Independent Practice | Students are asked to come up to the board and choose the correct answer from a multiple choice format. Other students are asked if the choices are correct or incorrect. If incorrect, the other student is asked to correct th e answer. Students are asked to practice the terms introduced in this lesson by copying each term three times.Students are given worksheets to complete| 15 min| 6. Assessment Methods: 21st Century Skills and Lesson Objective| Global Awareness, Critical thinking and problem solving: Tests are checked for accuracy and scored. | 5 min| 7. Closure| Discuss upcoming lessons and classroom expectation. Review classroom procedures and daily itinerary. | 5 min| 8. Assessment Results: 21st Century Skills and Lesson Objective| Global Awareness, Critical thinking and problem solving: Assess writing samples, choice making and levels of assistance needed to produce appropriate writing samples, Identify stronger writers in the classroom. Student(s) & Modifications/Accommodations:1. Students are asked questions that correspond with learning levels. Some students are asked open ended questions and given choices after 30 sec of no attempt to response while other students are immediately given verbal/ visual choices. 2. Student unable to write complete sentences are assisted with forming sentences a loud verbally in class then asked to copy the correct sentences from the smart board. 3.Non verbal students are immediately assisted by instructor or Para professional and given choices. Once student makes a choice the response is then recorded by staff. | | Student/Small Group| Student/Small Group| | | Differentiation:Students are asked to approach smart board and make choices. Students are asked questions in yes or no format. Assistance is varied according to learning levels . i. e. choices are given, answers written for students to copy, and hand over hand assistance. | Differentiation:|

How Students Can Tackle the Problem of Stress

How students can tackle the problem of stress? Are you stressed? Good. That means you have stood up for something in your life. Do you have this experience? Look at this picture! This man is very stress because he has a lot of work to do at the same time. He needs to answer the phone calls, he has a pile of books to be settled and the time was running out. So, he was very stress at this time. If you have this experience, what ways you will you use to overcome your stress? It is little bit weird if do not having a stress because every people in this world having a hard time which is giving a stress to them.Good morning everybody! Today, I’m going to discuss the three important ways to overcome stress among students. The points are students can do any kind of physical exercise that will keep your mind occupied, keep yourself busy with the individual interest that makes you happy and students should going out and socialize with friends or family members. Well, the three main poin ts had been told, so let’s go more detail to the first point which is doing any kind of physical exercise that will keep your mind occupied when having a stress.The first way how students overcome stress is by doing any kind of physical exercise that will keep your mind occupied. Those students who have a problem of handling a stress or anxiety, you should take a deep breath in and out to calm yourself down and to relax as well. You also should take a short walks or go around town for some fresh air. By doing this, it will give the mind a clear start and oxygen to the mind. Besides, you should always give a smile to everyone when having a stress because with a smile it can reduce our stress.In addition, you can with a stress through exercise and yoga. You can like this picture because they are very relaxing both physically and mentally and they also help to keep your mind off from any problems. Well, you already know that doing any kind of physical exercise that will keep you r mind occupied when having a stress. Now, let’s proceed to the second point which is keeping yourself busy with the individual interest that makes you happy when you were stress.The second way how students can tackle the problem of having a stress is by keep yourself busy with the individual interest that makes you happy. When you were stress, you can create a hobby that you loved. In that way, your free time is full with something that you loved the most and something that you really really enjoyed it. At the end, you did not think anymore about getting a stress. Besides, when you were stress, you should join any club or association that can gives you a great time and wonderful moment.It also can give a new experience to you by joining the club or association. Last but not least, you get the benefit by getting a new knowledge. So, you know keep yourself busy with the individual interest that makes you happy will overcome your stress. Let’s continue with third point w hich is students should going out and socialize with friends or family members when having a stress. The third points how students can overcome stress are by going out and socialize with friends or family members. When having a stress, you should take a break such as take a holiday.You can go out and socialize with friends or relatives in order to stimulate your lifestyle and try to take it easier. Actually, students should take a good time off for them and relax. In addition, I recommend to you to talk with your friends or family about your feelings. But if the stress become totally overwhelming, then professional counseling might be helpful as well. Now, you know that when having a stress, students should go out and socialize with friends or family members. So, our investigation is complete.As you can see, there are three important ways to overcome stress among students which are students can do any kind of physical exercise that will keep your mind occupied, keep yourself busy wi th the individual interest that makes you happy and also students should go out and socialize with friends or family members. As a conclusion, stress is already having in the student’s life. So, as a student, we cannot run from a stress problem. Therefore, don’t go away from it but try to deal with it. So my advice is being happier because when others look at you, they become happy too.

Free Essays on Creating A Safe Work Environment

You wouldn’t think that giving someone a compliment, like â€Å"Hey you look sexy today†, would be considered harassment. However, in today’s world anything is possible. Sexual harassment has become a big issue in society and sometimes a person can take it to the extreme. There are many things that can be considered harassment, there are many ways to prevent it, and there are things you can do to help yourself if you are a victim. Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment. Moreover, when giving in to or rejection of this conduct openly or perfectly affects an individual’s employment, unreasonably interferes with an individuals work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment. Sexual harassment can occur in a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to the following: The victim as well as the harasser may be man or woman. The victim does not have to be of the opposite sex. The harasser can be the victim’s supervisor, an agent of the employer, a supervisor in another area, a co-worker, or a non-employee. The victim does not have to be the person harassed but could be anyone affected by the offensive conduct. Unlawful sexual harassment may occur without economic injury to or release of the victim. The harasser’s conduct must be unwelcome. It is helpful for the victim to directly inform the harasser that the conduct is unwelcome and must stop. The victim should report the incident immediately after it happens. Do not hesitate; otherwise, your report may not be taken seriously. When investigating allegations of sexual harassment, EEOC looks at the whole record: the circumstances, such as the nature of the sexual advances, and the context in which the alleged incidents occurred. A purpose on the allegations is made from the facts on a case-by-case basis. Prevention is the best tool t o elimin... Free Essays on Creating A Safe Work Environment Free Essays on Creating A Safe Work Environment You wouldn’t think that giving someone a compliment, like â€Å"Hey you look sexy today†, would be considered harassment. However, in today’s world anything is possible. Sexual harassment has become a big issue in society and sometimes a person can take it to the extreme. There are many things that can be considered harassment, there are many ways to prevent it, and there are things you can do to help yourself if you are a victim. Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment. Moreover, when giving in to or rejection of this conduct openly or perfectly affects an individual’s employment, unreasonably interferes with an individuals work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment. Sexual harassment can occur in a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to the following: The victim as well as the harasser may be man or woman. The victim does not have to be of the opposite sex. The harasser can be the victim’s supervisor, an agent of the employer, a supervisor in another area, a co-worker, or a non-employee. The victim does not have to be the person harassed but could be anyone affected by the offensive conduct. Unlawful sexual harassment may occur without economic injury to or release of the victim. The harasser’s conduct must be unwelcome. It is helpful for the victim to directly inform the harasser that the conduct is unwelcome and must stop. The victim should report the incident immediately after it happens. Do not hesitate; otherwise, your report may not be taken seriously. When investigating allegations of sexual harassment, EEOC looks at the whole record: the circumstances, such as the nature of the sexual advances, and the context in which the alleged incidents occurred. A purpose on the allegations is made from the facts on a case-by-case basis. Prevention is the best tool t o elimin...

CE vs. AD

CE vs. AD CE vs. AD CE vs. AD By Maeve Maddox A reader takes issue with my use of the designation CE instead of AD in this sentence: â€Å"A mix of these tribes migrated to England in the fifth and sixth centuries C.E.† Here is the reader’s reaction: Give me a break with the New Age (CE) crap.   You cant make-up words and slogans to change history or our calendar.   Its AD period. Clearly, the reader prefers the traditional Western designation of AD and BC to the equivalent CE and BCE to denote the eras demarcated by the birth of Christ. Contrary to the reader’s belief, the use of AD in lieu of CE to denote the Christian era is nothing so new as â€Å"New Age.† The term â€Å"New Age† refers to a movement of the 1970s that was characterized by alternative approaches to traditional Western culture. Environmentalism and an interest in spirituality and mysticism as opposed to organized religion are especially associated with the New Age phenomenon. The designation CE as an abbreviation for â€Å"Christian era† predates the New Age movement by about 300 years. According to The World Heritage Encyclopedia, â€Å"The expression Common Era can be found as early as 1708 in English.† Still earlier than that, another chronological term used by Christians was vulgaris aerae, â€Å"the common era.† (The adjective vulgar derives from the Latin noun vulgus, â€Å"the common people.†) This designation occurs in English as both â€Å"vulgar aera† and â€Å"vulgar era† and is abbreviated V.Ae. or V.E. However, AD/BC have been with us for a very long time, and the reader is not alone in feeling a strong repugnance toward the growing practice of replacing it with CE/BCE. At least one Christian governing body urges adherents to resist the CE/BCE notation, seeing it as a result of â€Å"secularization, anti-supernaturalism, religious pluralism, and political correctness.† On the other hand, many Christians support the change, in deference to non-Christian cultures that also employ the chronology. The abbreviations CE and BCE may be interpreted as any of the following phrases: Christian era, before Christian era common era, before common era current era, before current era I started using CE/BCE in my posts for Daily Writing Tips because we have an international audience and because I’ve become aware that more and more publishers are adopting these designations. For example, five books pulled from my shelves at random reflect the changing convention: AD/BC: Christianizing the Roman Empire, Yale University Press, 1984. AD/BC: A History of Private Life, Volume I, Harvard University Press, 1987. CE/BCE: The Encyclopedia of World History, Houghton-Mifflin, 2001. CE/BCE: Life After Death, Doubleday, 2004. CE/BCE: The Real Messiah, Watkins Publishing (London), 2009. For my part, if the World were to organize a vote on the matter, I’d vote to keep BC/AD- if only for the fact that it’s easier to tell which is which. When I read a book that uses the BCE/CE abbreviations, I have to slow down when I come to a date because the letters CE are in both designations. Any culture designing a chronology will choose a culturally significant event to mark â€Å"Year One.† Before the AD designation became common, Christians made use of the Hebrew Anno Mundi chronology, which began with the estimated date of Creation. Some Christian writers reckoned time from the birth of Abraham. â€Å"Year One† for the Islamic calendar is the year Mohammad led his followers from Mecca to Medina- 622 CE on the Gregorian calendar. Whether we call the first year of our current era AD 1 or 1 CE, the fact remains that the reckoning is based on ancient Christian belief about the year in which Jesus was born. Modern scholars calculate that the historical Jesus was actually born four to seven years earlier than 1 CE. I think it’s very likely that in another fifty years or so, a new world reckoning will supersede the current one for international use. A new chronology will separate the â€Å"before and after† eras with a new â€Å"Year One† based on some event lacking religious connotations. Style considerations The Chicago Manual of Style recommends writing CE and BCE without periods. Writers making the switch from BC/AD to BCE/CE need to be aware of a difference in where the abbreviations should be placed in relation to the date. With BC/AD, the tradition is to put BC after the date and AD before the date: Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC. Joan of Arc was executed in AD 1431. With the BCE/CE designations, both follow the date: Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BCE. Joan of Arc was executed in 1431 CE. Writers not governed by a publication’s style guide are free to use BC/AD. However, anyone who reads much history may as well get used to seeing BCE/CE. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"Double Possessive

CRITIQUE ON CHAPTER 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CRITIQUE ON CHAPTER 7 - Essay Example An important feature of this chapter is that it assumes that the reader is familiar with material that has been presented in all the preceding chapters. The abstract ideas are critical here, but they rest on concepts that have already been thoroughly discussed such as resource allocation ( p. 8) and perception, action and cognition (p. 9). 2. The close link between media and physics was something of a surprise, since most f the earlier chapters were more concerned with biology, but on reflection this is the missing piece of the puzzle that makes all the earlier concepts hang together. Humans are made up of physical atoms, and the concept of forces interacting in the environment in a dynamic way helps to explain some of the interesting variables in media studies, like for example why some people react in one way to a media stimulus, (e.g. being scared at a horror film) while others act in another way (e.g. just laughing at the fake blood). A lot of factors contribute to how people feel about the horror film, and this was interesting. 3. The chapter ended with an intriguing statement about uncovering â€Å"a science of human communication that is applicable across media, cultures and environments† and I would like to have heard more about this. I suspect that such a science would be very technical, and hard to follow, since the abstract concepts are not easy to remember without concrete examples, but nevertheless this does explain the point behind all this heavy theorizing. I think perhaps the authors should have made this objective clearer at the beginning of the book. Some of the lengthy theory sections might have made more sense if the reader had been aware of this final objective. 4. We talked in class about the weather, as an example of how dynamic interaction takes place and this was a good way of teasing out the relationship between ever changing variables. I liked the